by
Arvind Venkatadri
Written: July 13 2022
Updated: August 14 2024
https://www.anecdote.com/2014/09/story-framework/
Jane Austen knew a lot about human information processing as these snippets from Pride and Prejudice (published in 1813 -- over 200 years ago) show:
Clause Shannon, the father of modern telecom
info=โโpโlog(p)
https://plus.maths.org/content/information-surprise
All Experiments stem from Human Curiosity, a Hypothesis, and a Desire to Find out and Talk about Something
"Factors" and "Effect Size" are statistics tech terms!
In 1853, Turkey declared war on Russia. After the Russian Navy destroyed a Turkish squadron in the Black Sea, Great Britain and France joined with Turkey. In September of the following year, the British landed on the Crimean Peninsula and set out, with the French and Turks, to take the Russian naval base at Sevastopol.
What followed was a tragicomedy of errors -- failure of supply, failed communications, international rivalries. Conditions in the armies were terrible, and disease ate through their ranks. They finally did take Sevastopol a year later, after a ghastly assault. It was ugly business all around. Well over half a million soldiers lost their lives during the Crimean War.
Month | Year | Disease.rate | Wounds.rate | Other.rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apr | 1854 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 7.0 |
May | 1854 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 4.6 |
Jun | 1854 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 2.5 |
Jul | 1854 | 150.0 | 0.0 | 9.6 |
Aug | 1854 | 328.5 | 0.4 | 11.9 |
Sep | 1854 | 312.2 | 32.1 | 27.7 |
Oct | 1854 | 197.0 | 51.7 | 50.1 |
Nov | 1854 | 340.6 | 115.8 | 42.8 |
Dec | 1854 | 631.5 | 41.7 | 48.0 |
Jan | 1855 | 1022.8 | 30.7 | 120.0 |
Each kind of variable answers to a different Interrogative Pronoun
The Return of Sherlock Holmes: The Musgrave Ritual
Nominal: What? Who? Where? (Just names)
Ordinal: Which Types? What Sizes? How Big? (Factors, Dimensions)
Interval: How Often? (Numbers, Facts)
Ratio: How many? How much? How heavy? (Numbers, Facts)
War, Disease, Other
!!Year, Month
Rates of Deaths
(War, Disease, Other) Month | Year | Disease.rate | Wounds.rate | Other.rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apr | 1854 | 1.4 | 0 | 7.0 |
May | 1854 | 6.2 | 0 | 4.6 |
Jun | 1854 | 4.7 | 0 | 2.5 |
Nightingale's data table had dimensions (i.e. types of deaths) coded into column names. This is not considered tidy, though some software packages use this wide form data.
Nightingale created a remarkable and original graphical display to show us just what hadd really gone on in the War. It was a Polar-Area Diagram that showed how people had died during the period from July, 1854, through the end of the following year.
Nightingale's graph is like a pie chart, cut into twelve equal angles. These slices advance in a clockwise direction, one each month. The radius shows how many deaths occurred in that month. We see little short slices in April, May and June of 1854. After the troops land in the Crimea, the slices begin reaching far outward in the radial direction.
There's more: Each slice has three sections, one for deaths from wounds in battle, one for "other causes", and one for disease.
Once you see Nightingale's graph, the terrible picture is clear. The Russians were a minor enemy. The real enemies were cholera, typhus, and dysentery. Once the military looked at that eloquent graph, the modern army hospital system was inevitable.
"Engines of Our Ingenuity", https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1712.htm
How did we arrive at shapes, colours, lines, points...from data?
All Statistical Graphs do a Kalidasa
They use metaphors to map data variables and computed stats to geometrical aspects aka aesthetics
They may also compute stuff with data before plotting, as we shall see
Shapes have Cultural Significance
We may all have a Gene for Geometry
Geometric Aesthetics in Data Viz
Commonly used aesthetics in data visualization: position, shape, size, color, line width, line type...
Some of these aesthetics can represent both continuous and discrete data (position, size, line width, color)
While others can usually only represent discrete data (shape, line type).
What's missing?
count
bin
and count
sort
(boxplot), bin
(violin)I say what I mean, and I mean what I say
โ๏ธ xaringan
+
๐
โgadenbuie/xaringanExtra
+
โ๏ธthe tidyverse
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by
Arvind Venkatadri
Written: July 13 2022
Updated: August 14 2024
https://www.anecdote.com/2014/09/story-framework/
Jane Austen knew a lot about human information processing as these snippets from Pride and Prejudice (published in 1813 -- over 200 years ago) show:
Clause Shannon, the father of modern telecom
info=โโpโlog(p)
https://plus.maths.org/content/information-surprise
All Experiments stem from Human Curiosity, a Hypothesis, and a Desire to Find out and Talk about Something
"Factors" and "Effect Size" are statistics tech terms!
In 1853, Turkey declared war on Russia. After the Russian Navy destroyed a Turkish squadron in the Black Sea, Great Britain and France joined with Turkey. In September of the following year, the British landed on the Crimean Peninsula and set out, with the French and Turks, to take the Russian naval base at Sevastopol.
What followed was a tragicomedy of errors -- failure of supply, failed communications, international rivalries. Conditions in the armies were terrible, and disease ate through their ranks. They finally did take Sevastopol a year later, after a ghastly assault. It was ugly business all around. Well over half a million soldiers lost their lives during the Crimean War.
Month | Year | Disease.rate | Wounds.rate | Other.rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apr | 1854 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 7.0 |
May | 1854 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 4.6 |
Jun | 1854 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 2.5 |
Jul | 1854 | 150.0 | 0.0 | 9.6 |
Aug | 1854 | 328.5 | 0.4 | 11.9 |
Sep | 1854 | 312.2 | 32.1 | 27.7 |
Oct | 1854 | 197.0 | 51.7 | 50.1 |
Nov | 1854 | 340.6 | 115.8 | 42.8 |
Dec | 1854 | 631.5 | 41.7 | 48.0 |
Jan | 1855 | 1022.8 | 30.7 | 120.0 |
Each kind of variable answers to a different Interrogative Pronoun
The Return of Sherlock Holmes: The Musgrave Ritual
Nominal: What? Who? Where? (Just names)
Ordinal: Which Types? What Sizes? How Big? (Factors, Dimensions)
Interval: How Often? (Numbers, Facts)
Ratio: How many? How much? How heavy? (Numbers, Facts)
War, Disease, Other
!!Year, Month
Rates of Deaths
(War, Disease, Other) Month | Year | Disease.rate | Wounds.rate | Other.rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apr | 1854 | 1.4 | 0 | 7.0 |
May | 1854 | 6.2 | 0 | 4.6 |
Jun | 1854 | 4.7 | 0 | 2.5 |
Nightingale's data table had dimensions (i.e. types of deaths) coded into column names. This is not considered tidy, though some software packages use this wide form data.
Nightingale created a remarkable and original graphical display to show us just what hadd really gone on in the War. It was a Polar-Area Diagram that showed how people had died during the period from July, 1854, through the end of the following year.
Nightingale's graph is like a pie chart, cut into twelve equal angles. These slices advance in a clockwise direction, one each month. The radius shows how many deaths occurred in that month. We see little short slices in April, May and June of 1854. After the troops land in the Crimea, the slices begin reaching far outward in the radial direction.
There's more: Each slice has three sections, one for deaths from wounds in battle, one for "other causes", and one for disease.
Once you see Nightingale's graph, the terrible picture is clear. The Russians were a minor enemy. The real enemies were cholera, typhus, and dysentery. Once the military looked at that eloquent graph, the modern army hospital system was inevitable.
"Engines of Our Ingenuity", https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1712.htm
How did we arrive at shapes, colours, lines, points...from data?
All Statistical Graphs do a Kalidasa
They use metaphors to map data variables and computed stats to geometrical aspects aka aesthetics
They may also compute stuff with data before plotting, as we shall see
Shapes have Cultural Significance
We may all have a Gene for Geometry
Geometric Aesthetics in Data Viz
Commonly used aesthetics in data visualization: position, shape, size, color, line width, line type...
Some of these aesthetics can represent both continuous and discrete data (position, size, line width, color)
While others can usually only represent discrete data (shape, line type).
What's missing?
count
bin
and count
sort
(boxplot), bin
(violin)I say what I mean, and I mean what I say
โ๏ธ xaringan
+
๐
โgadenbuie/xaringanExtra
+
โ๏ธthe tidyverse